A renal cyst or kidney cyst, is a fluid collection in or on the kidney. There are several types based on the Bosniak classification. The majority are benign, simple cysts that can be monitored and not intervened upon. However, some are cancerous or are suspicious for cancer and are commonly removed in a surgical procedure called nephrectomy.
Numerous renal cysts are seen in the cystic kidney diseases, which include polycystic kidney disease and medullary sponge kidney.
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Epidemiology
Up to 27 percent of individuals greater than 50 years of age may have simple renal cysts that cause no symptoms.
Bosniak classification
Renal cysts are classified by malignant risk using the Bosniak Classification System. The system was created by Dr. Morton Bosniak, a faculty member at the New York University Langone Medical Center in New York City.
The Bosniak classification categorizes renal cysts into five groups.
Category I
Category II
Category IIF
This category includes renal cysts with multiple thin septa, a septum thicker than hairline, slightly thick wall, or with calcification, which may be thick. It also includes intrarenal cysts larger than 3 centimetres (1.2 inches) if there is no contrast enhancement.
Category IIF cysts have a 5-10% risk of being kidney cancer, and therefore follow-up is recommended. However, there is no consensus recommendation on the appropriate interval of follow up.
Category III
Category IV
Peripelvic versus parapelvic cysts
Parapelvic cysts originate from around the kidney at the adjacent renal parenchyma, and plunge into the renal sinus. Peripelvic cysts are contained entirely within the renal sinus, possibly related to dilated lymphatic channels. When viewed on CT in absence of contrast, they can mimic hydronephrosis. If symptomatic, they can be laparoscopically decorticated - removal of the outer layer or cortex.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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